The Bill (according to the version passed by the Lok Sabha) consists of 3 categories of offences:petty offences (a punishment less than 3 years of jail), serious ones (the punishment is between 3 to 7 years) and heinous crimes (more than 7 years). The new act replaced the prior legislation – the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) Act, 2000. The Rajya Sabha approved the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection)Bill,2015 in December. Legislations in the wake of Nirbhaya rape were passed in 2015. One of the rapists was a minor at the time which gave him a security from harsh punishment which led to questions, outrage amongst the public seeking justice which led the court to think about it all over again. State of Delhi ,popularly known as “Delhi Gang Rape case ” or “Nirbhaya case” the apex court refused to grant the harsher punishment on the account of the heinousness of the conduct and tried him as a minor. Several International Instruments also recognize child rights like Beijing Rules, Riyadh Guidelines that allows separate criminal justice for the juveniles. The Supreme Court rejected the plea and held that the Juvenile Act is based on sound principles and with compatibility to the Indian Constitution. Union of India & anr, it was discovered to amend the Juvenile Justice law present and to reduce the age from 18 years to 16 years to amend the juvenile law in such a way that the juveniles who have committed the heinous offences like rape, sexual assualt and murder should be tried as an adult. The provisions of the Act,2015 apply to all the matters concerning Children and crimes committed by them. It replaced the delinquency law and therefore the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act,2000/2006. The Act came into force from 15th January, 2016. The legislation that deals with all the matters relating to the ‘Children in need of care and protection ‘ and ‘Children in Conflict with Law ‘ is the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children)Act, 2015. Juvenile Justice Care and Protection Act, 2015 defined the word “child” which “means a person who has not completed 18 years of age”.Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 defines “juvenile” or “child” as a person who has not completed eighteen years of age.Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) Act, 1986 defines ” a juvenile or child, who in case of boy has not completed age of 16 years and in case of a girl 18 years of age.The Juvenile Justice system inspects the legal response with respect to two categories of children, namely those who are in conflict with law, that is an individual under the age of 18 years who is accused of committing an offence and those who are in need of care and protection with proper nourishment. Legally, a person below the age of 18 years is considered a child in India. Children can make wrong decisions sometimes and they don’t deserve the same kind of treatment as a well grown adult should, for this whole purpose child delinquency is not punished with the same severity instead they are sent to special juvenile detention centres to make them understand how did they harm the society and give them a chance to rectify it. Therefore,it is no less than a commitment to understand and indulge in the right kind of behaviour since the time we can distinguish between right and wrong. It seemed like a lot of pressure with a profound feeling of being a hero initially but eventually we understood it is more than that. We have heard since we could not even understand what it meant that we, the next generation of youth, are the future of our nation and its success depends on us.
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